Family Support and Self-Management Behavior Among Clients with Hypertension: A Cross-Sectional Study

Rasdiyanah Rasdiyanah; Nurul Farah Dila; Nur Al Marwah Asrul; Eny Sutria; Nur Andani

doi:10.35816/jiksh.v15i1.214

Authors

Rasdiyanah Rasdiyanah Nursing Department, Medical and Health Sciences Faculty, Universitas Islam Negeri Alauddin Makassar, South Sulawesi https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0407-7115
Nurul Farah Dila Nursing Department, Medical and Health Sciences Faculty, Universitas Islam Negeri Alauddin Makassar, South Sulawesi
Nur Al Marwah Asrul Nursing Department, Medical and Health Sciences Faculty, Universitas Islam Negeri Alauddin Makassar, South Sulawesi https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4995-3673
Eny Sutria Nursing Department, Medical and Health Sciences Faculty, Universitas Islam Negeri Alauddin Makassar, South Sulawesi https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6340-4940
Nur Andani Nursing Department, Medical and Health Sciences Faculty, Universitas Islam Negeri Alauddin Makassar, South Sulawesi https://orcid.org/0009-0005-9441-5040

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.35816/jiksh.v15i1.214

Keywords:

Family Support, Health Behavior, Hypertension, Self Care, Self-Management

Abstract

Introduction: Hypertension remains a leading global public health challenge. The World Health Organization (WHO) reported that the number of adults living with hypertension increased from 650 million in 1990 to 1.3 billion in 2019, contributing substantially to premature mortality and disability worldwide. In Indonesia, hypertension is a major non-communicable disease and a significant contributor to cardiovascular morbidity. Effective blood pressure control requires sustained self-management, including adherence to medication, dietary modifications, physical activity, and stress management. Family support is theoretically considered a reinforcing factor for improving self-management behavior among patients with chronic diseases. To examine the relationship between family support and self-management behavior among clients with hypertension at the Rappokalling Community Health Center, Makassar City.

Research Methodology: A quantitative cross-sectional study was conducted among 164 hypertensive clients selected using purposive sampling. Self-management was measured using the High Blood Pressure Self-Care Profile (HPB-SCP), and family support was assessed using a validated Family Support Questionnaire. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and Spearman’s rank correlation test with a 95% confidence interval (α=0.05).

Results: Most respondents reported adequate family support (66.5%) and adequate self-management (95.8%). Spearman’s analysis showed a weak negative correlation between family support and self-management (r = −0.099) with no statistically significant association (p = 0.207; 95% CI).

Conclusion: Family support was not significantly associated with self-management behavior among hypertensive clients. Public health interventions should not rely solely on family involvement but also address individual motivational and psychological determinants to improve hypertension self-management.

References

Abrahams-Gessel, S., Manyaapelo, T., Sithole, N., Dlamini, S., Mpanza, N., Nxumalo, S., Mjilo, T., Orne-Gliemann, J., Bachmann, M., Magula, N., Castle, A., Siedner, M. J., & Gaziano, T. (2025). A formative evaluation of potential barriers and facilitators to inform effective implementation of a community-based hypertension care program in rural South Africa: The IMPACT-BP trial. SSM - Health Systems, 5, 100086. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssmhs.2025.100086

Aovare, P., Beune, E., Chilunga, F. P., Moens, N., Moll van Charante, E. P., & Agyemang, C. (2026). The acceptability, adoption and feasibility of mobile health interventions for diabetes and hypertension care among Ghanaian healthcare workers. PEC Innovation, 8, 100456. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pecinn.2026.100456

Aquaristha, V. F., Muhith, A., & Hasina, S. N. (2024). Hubungan Dukungan Keluarga Dengan Kepatuhan Kunjungan Penderita Hipertensi Peserta Prolanis. Journal of Languega and Health, 5(2), 861–868. https://doi.org/10.37287/jlh.v5i2.4138

Aty, Y. M. V. B., Suni, M. I. L., Gonsalves, D., Sambriong, M., & Elfi, T. (2022). Hubungan Dukungan Keluarga dengan Manajemen Diri Penyakit Hipertensi di Puskesmas Sikumana Kecamatan Maulafa Kota Kupang. Bima Nursing Journal, 4(1), 39–46. https://doi.org/10.32807/bnj.v4i1.1021

Audilla, A., & Islamy, A. (2025). Dukungan Keluarga Dengan Kepatuhan Minum Obat Pada Lansia Penderita Hipertensi. Journal of Languega and Health, 6(1), 155–160. https://doi.org/10.37287/jlh.v6i1.5989

Badi, S., Suliman, S. Z., Almahdi, R., Aldomah, M. A., Elkheir, H. K., Ibrahim, M. I. M., & Ahmed, M. H. (2025). Impact of clinical pharmacist video-based education on self-care and glycemic control in Sudanese adults with type 2 diabetes: A pre-post interventional study. Exploratory Research in Clinical and Social Pharmacy, 19, 100617. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rcsop.2025.100617

Cheraghi, Z., Azmi-Naei, B., Cheraghi, P., & Doosti-Irani, A. (2025). The global prevalence of uncontrolled hypertension: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Public Health, 25(1), 4259. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-025-25553-4

Donelle, L., Hiebert, B., Warner, G., Reid, M., Reid, J., Shariff, S., Richard, E., Regan, S., Weeks, L., & Ledoux, K. (2025). Passive Remote Monitoring Technologies’ Influence on Home Care Clients’ Ability to Stay Home: Multiprovincial Randomized Controlled Trial. JMIR Aging, 8, e69107. https://doi.org/10.2196/69107

Enright, G., Allman-Farinelli, M., & Redfern, J. (2020). Effectiveness of Family-Based Behavior Change Interventions on Obesity-Related Behavior Change in Children: A Realist Synthesis. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(11), 4099. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17114099

Grindlay, K., Key, K., McDonald-Mosley, R., Kottke, M., Diallo, D. D., Gulati, M., & Grossman, D. (2025). Over-the-counter access to combined oral contraceptives for individuals with hypertension: an expert review. American Journal of Preventive Cardiology, 24, 101328. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajpc.2025.101328

Gulyani, P., Rawat, P., Elmi, Y., Gupta, S., & Wan, C. S. (2024). Barriers and facilitators of lifestyle management among adult South Asian migrants living with chronic diseases: A mixed-methods systematic review. Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome: Clinical Research & Reviews, 18(2), 102944. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsx.2024.102944

Hawash, M. M., Mohamed, A. A. E.-R., El-Sayed, M. M., El-Ashry, A. M., & Hafez, S. A. (2024). Association between health-related empowerment and health-protective behaviors among community-dwelling older adults. Archives of Psychiatric Nursing, 48, 59–67. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apnu.2024.01.012

Healy, G. N., Gomersall, S. R., Dunstan, D. W., Winkler, E. A. H., Heseltine, K. A., Sim, G. Q., Mason, F., Giguere, D., Tsiamis, M., Jung, M. E., & Goode, A. D. (2026). A Context-Adapted Diabetes Prevention Program (Small Steps for Big Changes) in Australia: Protocol for a Hybrid Implementation-Effectiveness Study. JMIR Research Protocols, 15, e81195. https://doi.org/10.2196/81195

Josefsson, C., Liljeroos, T., Hellgren, M., Pöder, U., Hedström, M., & Olsson, E. M. G. (2024). The Sukaribit Smartphone App for Better Self-Management of Type 2 Diabetes: Randomized Controlled Feasibility Study. JMIR Formative Research, 8, e46222. https://doi.org/10.2196/46222

Joshi, A., Surapaneni, K. M., Grover, A., Kaur, H., Saggu, S. R., & Oliveira, D. (2025). Swasthya Pahal (Health for All) Using a Sustainable, Multisector, Accessible, Affordable, Reimbursable, and Tailored Informatics Framework in Rural and Urban Areas of Chennai, Tamil Nadu: Protocol for a Quantitative Study. JMIR Research Protocols, 14, e39950. https://doi.org/10.2196/39950

Kurnia, V., Pauzi, M., Gusmiati, R., & Wahyuni, S. (2024). Family support for management of hypertension. Jurnal Kesehatan, 15(2), 1–6. https://doi.org/10.35730/jk.v15i2.1096

Lawless, M. T., Oster, C., Block, H., Cash, B., Bulto, L. N., Pinero de Plaza, M. A., George, S., Ambagtsheer, R., Archibald, M., Battersby, M., & Kitson, A. (2025). Self-management support interventions for socioeconomically disadvantaged older adults with chronic conditions: A systematic review. Patient Education and Counseling, 141, 109305. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pec.2025.109305

Lee, H.-J., & Kang, H.-Y. (2024). Effects of a Customized Diet Education Program Using a Mobile Instant Messenger for People Undergoing Peritoneal Dialysis: A Feasibility Test. Asian Nursing Research, 18(4), 367–376. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anr.2024.09.007

Legis Ocktaviana Saputri, Harahap, H. S., Rivarti, A. W., & Nurhidayati. (2023). Pencegahan Stroke pada Hipertensi Berdasarkan Mekanisme Patogenesis. Unram Medical Journal, 12(2), 171–179. https://doi.org/10.29303/jku.v12i2.918

Li, J., Zhang, J., Wang, Y., Zhang, H., & Ma, Y. (2025). Does social support improve self-management among rural hypertensive patients? An empirical analysis based on generalized propensity score matching. Frontiers in Public Health, 12(January), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2024.1445946

Liu, R. K., Green, J., & Newton, R. (2025). A scoping review of treatment for factitious disorder (imposed on self). Psychiatry Research Communications, 5(2), 100216. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psycom.2025.100216

Nuñez, S. D., Spratt, L. M., Ware, C. F., Machado, S., Rousseau, J., Jackson, T. L., Buckley, J., Magee, S., Wohler, D., Blosser, E., Sales, S., Simmons, D., Ramos, V. N., Castillo, M. M., Murray, C., Bailey, K., Gutman, R., Richardson, C. R., Grobman, W. A., … Lewkowitz, A. K. (2025). Protocol for a type 1 hybrid effectiveness implementation trial to evaluate whether a technology-based collaborative care model is non-inferior to remote blood pressure monitoring on persistent hypertension and preventive care attendance among postpartum . Contemporary Clinical Trials, 159, 108114. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cct.2025.108114

Orsso, C. E., Gormaz, T., Valentine, S., Trottier, C. F., Matias de Sousa, I., Ferguson-Pell, M., Johnson, S. T., Kirkham, A. A., Klein, D., Maeda, N., Mota, J. F., Neil-Sztramko, S. E., Quintanilha, M., Salami, B. O., & Prado, C. M. (2024). Digital Intervention for behaviouR changE and Chronic disease prevenTION (DIRECTION): Study protocol for a randomized controlled trial of a web-based platform integrating nutrition, physical activity, and mindfulness for individuals with obesity. Methods, 231, 45–54. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ymeth.2024.09.009

Rasdiyanah, R., Wiarsih, W., & Sukihananto, S. (2020). Health Education Using Booklet and Diary Media on the Self-Efficacy of Housewives with Hypertension. Jurnal Pendidikan Keperawatan Indonesia, 6(1). https://doi.org/10.17509/jpki.v6i1.23205

Reed, M., Banks, T., Halloway, S., Julion, K., Kitsiou, S., Schoeny, M., Swanson, B., Tangney, C., Webber-Ritchey, K., Wilbur, J., Wilhelm, K., Yeager, C., & Julion, W. (2025). Rationale and design of a race-conscious, school-linked, pilot randomized controlled trial to improve physical activity and dietary behaviors of Black adolescent daughter/mother dyads. Contemporary Clinical Trials, 156, 107996. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cct.2025.107996

Seng, J. J. B., Nyanavoli, H., Decruz, G. M., Kwan, Y. H., & Low, L. L. (2025). Health Coaching and Its Impact in the Remote Management of Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Scoping Review of the Literature. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 27. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.2196/60703

Suprapto, Kamaruddin, M. I., Herlianty, & Nurhanifah, D. (2024). Building Nurse Competency Strategy at Public Health Center in Indonesia: A Descriptive Qualitative Approach. The Malaysian Journal of Nursing, 15(03), 62–70. https://doi.org/10.31674/mjn.2024.v15i03.008