Effect of health education on self-care behavior in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

Syaharuddin; Suprapto; Darmi Arda; Maria Kurni Menga; Rudolf Cymorr Kirby Palogan Martinez

doi:10.35816/jiksh.v14i2.281

Authors

Syaharuddin Department of Nursing, Akper Mappa Oudang Makassar, South Sulawesi, Indonesia
Suprapto Department of Nursing, Politeknik Sandi Karsa, South Sulawesi, Indonesia
Darmi Arda Department of Nursing, Politeknik Sandi Karsa, South Sulawesi, Indonesia
Maria Kurni Menga Department of Nursing, Politeknik Sandi Karsa, South Sulawesi, Indonesia
Rudolf Cymorr Kirby Palogan Martinez Department of Science and Technology, International Consortium of Parse Scholars, Nova Southeastern University, Philippine

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.35816/jiksh.v14i2.281

Keywords:

Diabetes Mellitus, Health Education, Patients, Self-Care Behavior

Abstract

Introduction: Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder requiring continuous self-care to prevent complications. Health education plays a crucial role in enhancing patients’ understanding, attitudes, and skills for effective self-management. This study aimed to investigate the impact of health education on self-care behaviors among patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.

Methods: This quasi-experimental study employed a pretest–posttest design with a control group. The study involved 60 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) selected using purposive sampling from a public health center. The intervention group received structured health education sessions covering diet management, physical activity, medication adherence, and blood glucose monitoring for a period of four weeks, while the control group received standard care. Data were collected using the Summary of Diabetes Self-Care Activities (SDSCA) questionnaire. Statistical analysis was conducted using paired and independent t-tests with a significance level of p < 0.05.

Results: The findings showed a significant increase in self-care behavior scores in the intervention group after receiving health education (p < 0.001), while no significant change was observed in the control group (p > 0.05). The mean difference between the two groups indicated that health education had a positive effect on self-care behavior among patients with T2DM.

Conclusion: Health education has a significant impact on improving self-care behaviors among patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Structured and continuous education increases patients’ awareness, adherence, and ability to manage diet, exercise, medication, and blood glucose monitoring effectively. Healthcare providers should integrate regular health education programs into diabetes management to enhance patients’ self-care skills and prevent complications. Further research with larger samples and longer follow-up is recommended to evaluate the long-term impact of such interventions.

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