Effect of self-efficacy and social support on medication compliance for tuberculosis patients

Jessica Angelina Mangela; Muhammad Jusman Rau; Arwan; Rasyika Nurul Fadjriah; Ni Wayan Sridani

doi:10.35816/jiksh.v15i1.202

Authors

Jessica Angelina Mangela Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Tadulako, Central Sulawesi
Muhammad Jusman Rau Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Tadulako, Central Sulawesi https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2032-3507
Arwan Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Tadulako, Central Sulawesi https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2352-9567
Rasyika Nurul Fadjriah Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Tadulako, Central Sulawesi https://orcid.org/0009-0005-2681-2722
Ni Wayan Sridani Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Tadulako, Central Sulawesi

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.35816/jiksh.v15i1.202

Keywords:

Adherence, Self-Efficacy, Social Support, Tuberculosis, Treatment

Abstract

Introduction: Tuberculosis remains a major public health problem, and medication non-adherence continues to hinder treatment success despite the implementation of the Directly Observed Treatment Short-course (DOTS) strategy. Psychological and social factors, particularly self-efficacy and social support, play an important role in determining patients’ adherence to long-term tuberculosis treatment. This study aimed to analyze the influence of self-efficacy and social support on medication adherence among tuberculosis patients in Palu City.

Research Methodology: This study employed a quantitative, comparative, analytical design with a non-experimental, cross-sectional approach. The study population consisted of 489 registered tuberculosis patients in Palu City in 2025. A total of 83 respondents were selected using probability sampling with a cluster random sampling technique from seven public health centers. Data were collected using the Morisky Medication Adherence Scale (MMAS-8), the Tuberculosis Self-Efficacy Scale (TBSES), and the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS). Data analysis included univariate analysis and bivariate analysis using independent t-tests with a significance level of p < 0.05.

Results: Medical care management (p = 0.003), support seeking (p = 0.047), and psychological adjustment (p = 0.038) were significantly associated with medication adherence, whereas transmission management was not (p = 0.993). All dimensions of social support, instrumental (p = 0.031), informational (p = 0.045), appraisal (p = 0.011), and emotional support (p = 0.015), demonstrated significant associations with medication adherence.

Conclusion: These findings indicate that medication adherence among tuberculosis patients is strongly influenced by both self-efficacy and social support. Strengthening patients’ confidence in managing treatment and enhancing family and social support are essential to improve adherence and treatment outcomes

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