Effectiveness of baduanjin exercise in reducing blood pressure among hypertensive elderly: Pre-experimental controlled community study
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.35816/jiksh.v15i2.373Keywords:
Baduanjin, hypertension, Blood PressureAbstract
Introduction: Hypertension is still prevalent among the elderly and contributes to an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. Safe and easy-to-implement non-pharmacological interventions support blood pressure control in the elderly, including Baduanjin exercise as a form of exercise to improve blood pressure. This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of Baduanjin exercise in optimizing blood pressure regulation in the elderly with hypertension.
Research Methodology: This quantitative study used a pre-experimental method with a pre-test, post-test, and control group design. The intervention group received appropriate therapy, but the intervention group received additional Baduanjin exercise. Twenty-nine respondents were recruited from each group. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure were measured before and after the intervention and analyzed using the Wilcoxon test.
Results: The study showed changes in both systolic and diastolic blood pressure in the intervention group with a p-value of 0.000. However, no significant changes were found in the control group with a p-value of 0.590 for the systolic variable and 0.123 for the diastolic variable.
Conclusion: Baduanjin exercise is effective in reducing systolic and diastolic blood pressure in elderly people with hypertension and is recommended as a non-pharmacological intervention to help control blood pressure in the elderly.
Downloads
References
Carey, R. M., Wright, J. T., Taler, S. J., & Whelton, P. K. (2021). Guideline-Driven Management of Hypertension. Circulation Research, 128(7), 827–846. https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.121.318083
Chakraborty, A., Sistonen, L., & Roos-Mattjus, P. (2026). Functional Interplay between Heat Shock Protein 90 (HSP90) and Heat Shock Factors (HSFs). Cell Stress and Chaperones, 100177. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cstres.2026.100177
Chanchlani, R., Brady, T., Kruger, R., & Sinha, M. D. (2026). Under pressure: the lifelong cardiovascular health of children and youth with primary hypertension. The Lancet Child & Adolescent Health, 10(3), 203–215. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2352-4642(25)00302-5
Chen, X., Marrone, G., Olson, T. P., Lundborg, C. S., Zhu, H., Wen, Z., Lu, W., & Jiang, W. (2020). Intensity Level and Cardiorespiratory Responses to Baduanjin Exercise in Patients with Chronic Heart Failure. ESC Heart Failure, 7(6), 3782–3791. https://doi.org/10.1002/ehf2.12959
Fang, J., Zhang, L., Wu, F., Ye, J., Cai, S., & Lian, X. (2021). The Safety of Baduanjin Exercise: A Systematic Review. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2021, 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/8867098
Ferdinand, D. P., Nedunchezhian, S., & Ferdinand, K. C. (2020). Hypertension in African Americans: Advances in community outreach and public health approaches. Progress in Cardiovascular Diseases, 63(1), 40–45. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pcad.2019.12.005
Fukazawa, R., Kobayashi, J., Ayusawa, M., Hamada, H., Miura, M., Mitani, Y., Tsuda, E., Nakajima, H., Matsuura, H., Ikeda, K., Nishigaki, K., Suzuki, H., Takahashi, K., Suda, K., Kamiyama, H., Onouchi, Y., Kobayashi, T., Yokoi, H., Sakamoto, K., … Kimura, T. (2020). JCS/JSCS 2020 Guideline on Diagnosis and Management of Cardiovascular Sequelae in Kawasaki Disease. Circulation Journal, 84(8), 1348–1407. https://doi.org/10.1253/circj.CJ-19-1094
Goorani, S., Zangene, S., & Imig, J. D. (2024). Hypertension: A Continuing Public Healthcare Issue. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 26(1), 123. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26010123
Guan, Y., Hao, Y., Guan, Y., & Wang, H. (2020). Effects of Baduanjin exercise on essential hypertension. Medicine, 99(32), e21577. https://doi.org/10.1097/MD.0000000000021577
Hijrah, H., Suprapto, S., Arda, D., & Wibowo, W. (2025). The role of home care in the management of hypertension in the elderly. Jurnal Edukasi Ilmiah Kesehatan, 3(1), 16–23. https://doi.org/10.61099/junedik.v3i1.70
Jafar, T. H., Gandhi, M., de Silva, H. A., Jehan, I., Naheed, A., Finkelstein, E. A., Turner, E. L., Morisky, D., Kasturiratne, A., Khan, A. H., Clemens, J. D., Ebrahim, S., Assam, P. N., & Feng, L. (2020). A Community-Based Intervention for Managing Hypertension in Rural South Asia. New England Journal of Medicine, 382(8), 717–726. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1911965
Li, Z., Zhang, Z., Ren, Y., Wang, Y., Fang, J., Yue, H., Ma, S., & Guan, F. (2021). Aging and age‐related diseases: from mechanisms to therapeutic strategies. Biogerontology, 22(2), 165–187. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10522-021-09910-5
Liu, F., Pan, H., Li, Y., Zhao, X., Hong, X., Liu, Z., & You, Y.-Y. (2025). Trends analysis of the global burden of hypertensive heart disease from 1990 to 2021: a population-based study. BMC Public Health, 25(1), 2233. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-025-23389-6
Ma, Z., Lei, H., Tian, K., Liu, Z., Chen, Y., Yang, H., & Zhu, X. (2022). Baduanjin exercise in the treatment of hypertension: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine, 9. https://doi.org/10.3389/fcvm.2022.936018
Parashar, A., Willeboordse, M., Gupta, A. K., & van Schayck, O. (C. P. . (2022). Effect of brief interventions to promote behavior change on clinical outcomes of selected non-communicable diseases: The World Health Organization (WHO) Package of Essential Non-communicable disease (PEN) Interventions for primary health care settings – s. Contemporary Clinical Trials, 113, 106675. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cct.2022.106675
Qi, F., Soh, K. G., Nasiruddin, N. J. M., Leong, O. S., He, S., & Liu, H. (2023). Effect of Taichi Chuan on health-related physical fitness in adults: A systematic review with meta-analysis. Complementary Therapies in Medicine, 77, 102971. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ctim.2023.102971
Rasdiyanah, R., Nurul Farah Dila, Nur Al Marwah Asrul, Eny Sutria, & Nur Andani. (2026). Family Support and Self-Management Behavior Among Clients with Hypertension: A Cross-Sectional Study. Jurnal Ilmiah Kesehatan Sandi Husada, 15(1), 112–121. https://doi.org/10.35816/jiksh.v15i1.214
Riskesdas. (2018). Laporan Riskesdas 2018 Kementrian Kesehatan Jawa Tengah Republik Indonesia. In Laporan Nasional Riskesdas 2018.
Shao, B., Zhang, X., Vernooij, R. W. M., Lv, Q., Hou, Y., Bao, Q., Lao, L., Liu, J., Zhang, Y., & Guyatt, G. H. (2020). The effectiveness of Baduanjin exercise for hypertension: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies, 20(1), 304. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12906-020-03098-w
Wang, Z., Li, J., Chen, Y., Yuan, B., & Ma, Q. (2025). Thrombolysis in Acute Ischemic Stroke: Advances and Prospects. Aging and Disease, 1–7. https://doi.org/10.14336/AD.2025.1477
Xie, Y., Guo, F., Lu, Y., Guo, Y., Wei, G., Lu, L., Ji, W., & Qian, X. (2019). A 12-week Baduanjin Qigong exercise improves symptoms of ankylosing spondylitis: A randomized controlled trial. Complementary Therapies in Clinical Practice, 36(155), 113–119. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ctcp.2018.12.007
Yang, W., Xu, Y., Ye, L., Rong, L., Feng, J., Huang, B., Chien, C.-W., & Tung, T.-H. (2023). Effects of Baduanjin exercise on quality-of-life and exercise capacity in patients with heart failure: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Complementary Therapies in Clinical Practice, 50(June 2022), 101675. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ctcp.2022.101675
Ye, M., Zheng, Y., Xiong, Z., Ye, B., & Zheng, G. (2022). Baduanjin exercise ameliorates motor function in patients with post-stroke cognitive impairment: A randomized controlled trial. Complementary Therapies in Clinical Practice, 46(November 2021), 101506. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ctcp.2021.101506
Ye, X., Ren, Z., Vafaei, S., Zhang, J., Song, Y., Wang, Y., & Song, P. (2022). Effectiveness of Baduanjin Exercise on Quality of Life and Psychological Health in Postoperative Patients With Breast Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Integrative Cancer Therapies, 21. https://doi.org/10.1177/15347354221104092
Zeng, Z., Liu, Y., Fang, J., Liu, Y., Luo, J., & Yang, M. (2020). Effects of Baduanjin exercise for knee osteoarthritis: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Complementary Therapies in Medicine, 48(April 2019), 102279. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ctim.2019.102279
Zhang, T., Chen, L., & Guo, M. (2025). Meta analysis of the intervention of Baduanjin in middle-aged and elderly patients with essential hypertension. Complementary Therapies in Medicine, 95, 103258. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ctim.2025.103258
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
Citation Check
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Muzaroah Ermawati Ulkhasanah, Widya Francisca, Ady Irawan AM, Jihan Adelia Amanda
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Statement:
The authors retain the copyright of this work and grant Jurnal Ilmiah Kesehatan Sandi Husada the right of first publication. The work is simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0), which permits use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author(s) and the initial publication in this journal are properly credited.
The authors are permitted to copy and redistribute the published version of the work, including posting it to an institutional repository or including it in a book, with acknowledgment of its initial publication in Jurnal Ilmiah Kesehatan Sandi Husada.
