Effectiveness of video-based home exercise program on physical activity and glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.35816/jiksh.v15i2.207Keywords:
exercise, glycemic control, home-based intervention, physical activity, type 2 diabetes mellitusAbstract
Introduction: Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by persistent hyperglycemia and is frequently associated with low levels of physical activity. Limited access to structured exercise programs remains a major barrier to optimal diabetes management, particularly in primary healthcare settings. Video-based home exercise programs offer a practical and accessible approach to promoting physical activity and improving glycemic control. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of a video-based home exercise program on physical activity levels and fasting blood glucose among patients with T2DM.
Research Methodology: A quantitative quasi-experimental study with a one-group pretest–posttest design was conducted among 30 patients with T2DM at a primary healthcare facility. Physical activity was assessed using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ), while fasting blood glucose levels were measured before and after the intervention. Data were analyzed using the Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test and paired t-test, with statistical significance set at p < 0.05.
Results: The intervention resulted in a significant increase in physical activity levels (Z = –4.704; p = 0.000). In addition, mean fasting blood glucose levels decreased significantly from 172.60 ± 29.41 mg/dL to 151.87 ± 27.83 mg/dL (t = 2.665; p = 0.012).
Conclusion: The video-based home exercise program was effective in improving physical activity and glycemic control among patients with T2DM. This intervention is a feasible, low-cost strategy to support diabetes self-management in primary healthcare settings
References
Anggraini, D., Oktora, M. Z. and Hasni, D. (2025) ‘Peran Indeks Aterogenik sebagai Penanda Komplikasi pada Diabetes Melitus Tipe 2: Tinjauan Pustaka’, Scientific Journal, 4(2), pp. 91–99. doi: https://dx.doi.org/10.56260/sciena.v4i2.205.
Balyan, Sri Andala and Yudi Akbar (2023) ‘Hubungan Aktivitas Fisik dan Kualitas Hidup Pasien Diabetes Melitus’, Jurnal Assyifa Ilmu Keperawatan Islami, 8(2), pp. 1–9. doi: https://dx.doi.org/10.54460/jifa.v8i2.66.
Bärg, M. et al. (2025) ‘Effects of home- and gym-based resistance training on glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus—a systematic review and meta-analysis’, Diabetology & Metabolic Syndrome, 17(1), p. 228. doi: https://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13098-025-01793-7.
Cao, X. et al. (2024) ‘An overview of environmental risk factors for type 2 diabetes research using network science tools’, Digital Health, 10(39). doi: https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/20552076241271722.
Claggett, J. et al. (2024) ‘An Infrastructure Framework for Remote Patient Monitoring Interventions and Research’, Journal of Medical Internet Research, 26, p. e51234. doi: https://dx.doi.org/10.2196/51234.
Cui, J. et al. (2025) ‘Digital outdoor exercise program for obese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a non-inferiority randomized controlled trial’, Frontiers in Endocrinology, 16, p. 1654129. doi: https://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2025.1654129.
Dewi Insani Muflihah and Alfiana Ainun Nisa (2024) ‘Faktor yang Berhubungan dengan Perilaku Pencegahan Diabetes Mellitus di Kelurahan Mlatiharjo Kecamatan Semarang Timur Kota Semarang’, DIAGNOSA: Jurnal Ilmu Kesehatan dan Keperawatan, 2(3), pp. 13–25. doi: https://dx.doi.org/10.59581/diagnosa-widyakarya.v2i3.3883.
Febriyana, R. N. and Hisni, D. (2024) ‘Analysis of Nursing Care with Physical Exercise Intervention in Patients with Type II Diabetes Mellitus at South Jakarta Hospital in 2023’, Jurnal Keperawatan dan Kesehatan Masyarakat Cendekia Utama, 13(3), p. 224. doi: https://dx.doi.org/10.31596/jcu.v13i3.2436.
Glavas, C. et al. (2024) ‘Exploring the Feasibility of Digital Voice Assistants for Delivery of a Home-Based Exercise Intervention in Older Adults With Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Randomized Controlled Trial’, JMIR Aging, 7(1), p. e53064. doi: https://dx.doi.org/10.2196/53064.
Kim, G. et al. (2024) ‘A randomized controlled trial of an app-based intervention on physical activity and glycemic control in people with type 2 diabetes’, BMC Medicine, 22(1), p. 185. doi: https://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12916-024-03408-w.
Lin, I. et al. (2022) ‘Effectiveness of home-based exercise for improving physical activity, quality of life and function in older adults after hospitalisation: A systematic review and meta-analysis’, Clinical Rehabilitation, 36(9), pp. 1170–1185. doi: https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/02692155221095936.
Młynarska, E. et al. (2025) ‘Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: New Pathogenetic Mechanisms, Treatment and the Most Important Complications’, International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 26(3), p. 1094. doi: https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms26031094.
Mustikaningtias, I. et al. (2025) ‘Effective Education Methods to Improve Glycemic Control in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients: A Systematic Review’, Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, 58(5), pp. 453–464. doi: https://dx.doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.25.025.
Nurhayani, Y. (2022) ‘Literature Review: Pengaruh Senam Kaki Terhadap Penurunan Kadar Gula Darah Pada Pasien Diabetes Melitus’, Journal of Health Research Science, 2(01), pp. 9–20. doi: https://dx.doi.org/10.34305/jhrs.v2i1.486.
Al Ozairi, E. et al. (2023) ‘The effect of home‐based resistance exercise training in people with type 2 diabetes: A randomized controlled trial’, Diabetes/Metabolism Research and Reviews, 39(7). doi: https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/dmrr.3677.
Parada Flores, B. et al. (2023) ‘Physical Exercise Methods and Their Effects on Glycemic Control and Body Composition in Adults with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM): A Systematic Review’, European Journal of Investigation in Health, Psychology and Education, 13(11), pp. 2529–2545. doi: https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ejihpe13110176.
Qiu, Y. et al. (2025) ‘The effect of online health management on type 2 diabetes mellitus: A systematic review and meta-analysis’, Primary Care Diabetes, 19(6), pp. 561–576. doi: https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pcd.2025.08.010.
Sacks, D. B. et al. (2023) ‘Guidelines and Recommendations for Laboratory Analysis in the Diagnosis and Management of Diabetes Mellitus’, Diabetes Care, 46(10), pp. e151–e199. doi: https://dx.doi.org/10.2337/dci23-0036.
Sinclair, J. et al. (2023) ‘Effects of a Home-Based Physical Activity Program on Blood Biomarkers and Health-Related Quality of Life Indices in Saudi Arabian Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients: A Randomized Controlled Trial’, Life, 13(6), p. 1413. doi: https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/life13061413.
Sujarwati, A. (2023) ‘Faktor-Faktor yang Berhubungan dengan Perilaku Aktivitas Fisik Pada Remaja di Kota Banjarbaru Tahun 2021’, Jurnal Biostatistik, Kependudukan, dan Informatika Kesehatan, 3(3). doi: https://dx.doi.org/10.7454/bikfokes.v3i3.1048.
Syaharuddin, S. et al. (2025) ‘Effect of health education on self-care behavior in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus’, Jurnal Ilmiah Kesehatan Sandi Husada, 14(2), pp. 351–359. doi: https://dx.doi.org/10.35816/jiskh.v14i2.1323.
Tegegne, B. A. et al. (2024) ‘A critical review on diabetes mellitus type 1 and type 2 management approaches: from lifestyle modification to current and novel targets and therapeutic agents’, Frontiers in Endocrinology, 15, pp. 1–20. doi: https://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2024.1440456.
Ujiie, A. et al. (2026) ‘Effects of a home-based low-to-moderate-intensity dance exercise program on glycemic control and quality of life in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes: a single-arm, intervention study’, Diabetology International, 17(1), p. 6. doi: https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13340-025-00854-6.
Wulandari, N., Viviandhari, D. and Febriani, A. S. (2021) ‘Educational Video to Improve Glycemic Control of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients’, Jurnal Manajemen Dan Pelayanan Farmasi (Journal of Management and Pharmacy Practice), 10(4). doi: https://dx.doi.org/10.22146/jmpf.59387.
Xue, H. et al. (2025) ‘The effectiveness of digital health intervention on glycemic control and physical activity in patients with type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis’, Frontiers in Digital Health, 7, p. 1630588. doi: https://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fdgth.2025.1630588.
Zulfiah, Z., Kadang, Y. and Suprapto, S. (2025) ‘Correlation Between Knowledge and Attitude Toward Treatment Adherence Among Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Makassar, Indonesia’, Media Kesehatan Politeknik Kesehatan Makassar, 20(2), pp. 304–309. doi: https://dx.doi.org/10.32382/medkes.v20i2.1709.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Asnuddin Asnuddin, Adillah Nurfatiyah, Sulaeman, Meriem Meisyaroh Syamson
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Statement:
The authors retain the copyright of this work and grant Jurnal Ilmiah Kesehatan Sandi Husada the right of first publication. The work is simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0), which permits use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author(s) and the initial publication in this journal are properly credited.
The authors are permitted to copy and redistribute the published version of the work, including posting it to an institutional repository or including it in a book, with acknowledgment of its initial publication in Jurnal Ilmiah Kesehatan Sandi Husada.
Similar Articles
- Syaharuddin, Suprapto, Darmi Arda, Maria Kurni Menga, Rudolf Cymorr Kirby Palogan Martinez, Effect of health education on self-care behavior in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus , Jurnal Ilmiah Kesehatan Sandi Husada: Vol. 14 No. 2 (2025): July - December
- Shaula Arabia, Arif Rahman, Yanuarita Tursinawati, Correlation of Body Mass Index and Physical Activity with Serum Uric Acid Levels: A Cross-Sectional Study among Medical Students , Jurnal Ilmiah Kesehatan Sandi Husada: Vol. 15 No. 1 (2026): January - June
- Ellysa Okky Gusma, Gatot Sunarto, Gian Lisuari Adityasiwi, Nathan Agwin Khenda, Nicolas Adi Perdana Susanto, Quality of life and physical activity participation in adolescent girls with idiopathic scoliosis treated with bracing , Jurnal Ilmiah Kesehatan Sandi Husada: Vol. 15 No. 1 (2026): January - June
- Uliarta Marbun, Irnawati, Lili Purnama Sari, Dahniar, Arisna Kadir, Effect of Home Care Services on Anxiety in Pregnant Women Facing Childbirth: A Quasi-Experimental Study , Jurnal Ilmiah Kesehatan Sandi Husada: Vol. 15 No. 1 (2026): January - June
- Nur Sabriyah Latif, Andi Yusuf, Muhammad Khadafi S, Analysis of the causes of diabetes mellitus occurrence in the chronic disease management program , Jurnal Ilmiah Kesehatan Sandi Husada: Vol. 14 No. 1 (2025): January - June
- Indargairi, Sintawati, Fitri Afiati Nur, Nasywa Khaira Syukur, Imran Pashar, Short-Term Health Coaching on Breast Self-Examination in Adolescent Girls: A Randomized Controlled Study , Jurnal Ilmiah Kesehatan Sandi Husada: Vol. 15 No. 1 (2026): January - June
- Wibowo, Suprapto, Muh Ihsan Kamaruddin, Nurlina, Jessy Andre Mangaya Takke, Disease Perception and Duration of Suffering with Self-Care Management in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus , Jurnal Ilmiah Kesehatan Sandi Husada: Vol. 14 No. 1 (2025): January - June
- Maftuha Al Humaerah, Mesra Rahayu, Zainuddin, Analysis of stunting prevention through communication, information, and education with empowerment , Jurnal Ilmiah Kesehatan Sandi Husada: Vol. 13 No. 2 (2024): July - Desember
- Fredy Akbar K, Syamsidar, Adi Hermawan, Impact of a caregiver empowerment intervention within an age friendly village model on depression and loneliness in older adults: A Quasi Experimental Study , Jurnal Ilmiah Kesehatan Sandi Husada: Vol. 15 No. 1 (2026): January - June
- Yuniharce Kadang, Megawati, Physical quality test of jamblang fruit ethanol extract antioxidant cream (Syzygium cumini (l.) Skeels) , Jurnal Ilmiah Kesehatan Sandi Husada: Vol. 13 No. 2 (2024): July - Desember
You may also start an advanced similarity search for this article.
