Comparative effectiveness of video and booklet-based range of motion education on stroke family knowledge: Quasi-experimental pretest-posttest study
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.35816/jiksh.v15i2.361Keywords:
caregivers, Digital Health Education, range of motion, stroke, video recordingAbstract
Introduction: Stroke remains a leading cause of long-term disability, often resulting in impaired mobility and dependence on family caregivers. Range of Motion (ROM) exercises are essential in preventing complications and improving functional recovery among stroke patients. However, inadequate caregiver knowledge may limit optimal implementation. Educational strategies using different media, such as video and a booklet, may enhance understanding. This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of video-based and booklet-based ROM education in improving family knowledge of stroke care.
Research Methodology: A quasi-experimental study with a pretest–posttest two-group design was conducted among 30 family caregivers of stroke patients (15 in the video group and 15 in the booklet group). Participants were recruited purposively from two hospitals. Knowledge was measured using a structured questionnaire administered before and after the intervention. Within-group differences were analyzed using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test, while between-group differences were assessed using the Mann–Whitney U test. Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05.
Results: Both intervention groups demonstrated significant improvements in knowledge following education. In the video group, median knowledge scores increased from 9.00 to 14.00 (p = 0.001), while in the booklet group, scores increased from 10.00 to 13.00 (p = 0.003). However, no statistically significant difference was observed between groups after the intervention (p = 0.065; Mann–Whitney U test). The findings indicate comparable effectiveness between video and booklet educational media.
Conclusion: Both video-based and booklet-based educational interventions effectively improve family knowledge regarding ROM exercises in stroke care. Given the absence of significant differences, the selection of educational media may be tailored to resource availability, user preference, and clinical context. Integrating both media may further optimize caregiver education and support home-based stroke rehabilitation.
Downloads
References
Acosta, D. R., Aguilar-Hernandez, L., Perez, G., Guzman-Ruiz, I. Y., Castellon, J. M., Cruz, J., Gutierrez, L., Monteon-Garcia, P., Torres, V. N., Duru, O. K., & Castellon-Lopez, Y. (2026). Evaluating the Acceptability of Using Virtual Reality to Promote Physical Activity Among Latino, Latina, and Latine Adults With Cardiometabolic Risk Factors and Obesity in Underresourced Settings: Protocol for a Qualitative Focus Group Study. JMIR Research Protocols, 15, e80534–e80534. https://doi.org/10.2196/80534
Alam, M. S. Bin, Lameesa, A., Sharmin, S., Afrin, S., Ahmed, S. F., Nikoo, M. R., & Gandomi, A. H. (2025). Role of deep learning in cognitive healthcare: Wearable signal analysis, algorithms, benefits, and challenges. Digital Communications and Networks, 11(3), 642–670. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dcan.2025.04.001
Ammann, C., & Soto-León, V. (2026). Home-based transcranial static magnetic field stimulation − concept, development, and clinical applications: IFCN handbook chapter. Clinical Neurophysiology Practice, 11, 282–293. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cnp.2026.04.001
Berg, K. M., Bray, J. E., Ng, K.-C., Liley, H. G., Greif, R., Carlson, J. N., Morley, P. T., Drennan, I. R., Smyth, M., Scholefield, B. R., Weiner, G. M., Cheng, A., Djärv, T., Abelairas-Gómez, C., Acworth, J., Andersen, L. W., Atkins, D. L., Berry, D. C., Bhanji, F., … Wellsford, M. (2024). 2023 International Consensus on Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care Science With Treatment Recommendations: Summary From the Basic Life Support; Advanced Life Support; Pediatric Life Support; Neonatal Life Support; Education, I. Resuscitation, 195, 109992. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resuscitation.2023.109992
Chen, J., Or, C. K., Li, Z., Yeung, E. H. K., & Chen, T. (2025). Perceptions of Patients With Stroke Regarding an Immersive Virtual Reality–Based Exercise System for Upper Limb Rehabilitation: Questionnaire and Interview Study. JMIR Serious Games, 13, e49847. https://doi.org/10.2196/49847
Dboba, M. M., Mohd Nordin, N. A., Manaf, H., Mohd Rasdi, H. F., & Abdul Aziz, A. F. (2025). Constraint-Induced Movement Therapy With or Without Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation Versus Conventional Therapy for Upper Extremity Function in Chronic Stroke Survivors: Protocol for a Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial. JMIR Research Protocols, 14, e68340. https://doi.org/10.2196/68340
Della Longa, L., Valori, I., Rizzi, F., Guglielminetti, I., Fairhurst, M. T., Marfia, G., & Farroni, T. (2026). Social exclusion in virtual reality: touch modulates physiological markers of self-regulation. Heliyon, 12(1), e44373. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2025.e44373
Fredy Akbar K, Syamsidar, & Adi Hermawan. (2026). Impact of a caregiver empowerment intervention within an age friendly village model on depression and loneliness in older adults: A Quasi Experimental Study. Jurnal Ilmiah Kesehatan Sandi Husada, 15(1), 200–210. https://doi.org/10.35816/jiksh.v15i1.236
Ghosh, R., Khan, N., Migovich, M., Tate, J. A., Maxwell, C. A., Newhouse, P. A., Scharre, D. W., Tan, A., Mion, L. C., & Sarkar, N. (2025). Engaging Older Adults and Staff in the Co-Design and Evaluation of Socially Assistive Robot and Virtual Reality Activities for Long-Term Care: User-Centered Study. JMIR Aging, 8, e75288. https://doi.org/10.2196/75288
Lee, E. W. J., Tan, W. W., Pham, B. T. P., Kawaja, A., & Theng, Y.-L. (2024). Addressing Data Absenteeism and Technology Chauvinism in the Use of Gamified Wearable Gloves Among Older Adults: Moderated Usability Study. JMIR Serious Games, 12, e47600. https://doi.org/10.2196/47600
Lehner, E., Scheffler, J., Hoernke, M., Liebau, A., Vaghasiya, H., Garada, M., Nguyen, H. T., Gramsall, S., Plontke, S. K., & Miclea, P.-T. (2026). Micro- and nanoplastic release upon simulated cleaning of tracheostomy tubes: Experimental evaluation and particle characterization. Journal of Hazardous Materials: Plastics, 3, 100051. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hazmp.2026.100051
Löchner, J., Moshe, I., Schiepek, G., Schuller, B. W., Schoedel, R., Rodgar, M., Wac, K., & Seizer, L. (2024). Tracking health-related quality of life dynamics: Advances in ambulatory assessment methods. Brain Behavior and Immunity Integrative, 6, 100061. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbii.2024.100061
Maqbool, B., & Herold, S. (2024). Potential effectiveness and efficiency issues in usability evaluation within digital health: A systematic literature review. Journal of Systems and Software, 208, 111881. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jss.2023.111881
Moon, J. P., Abdul Jabbar, K., Tay, T. C. I., Tay, L., Mahendran, R., Ng, T. P., Tan, S. M., Koh, W. Z. H., Ying, W. Y., Tan, A.-H., Lee, T.-S., & Rawtaer, I. (2026). Development and Validation of Machine Learning Models for Predicting Early Cognitive Decline Using Home Sensor–Derived Behavioral Data: Sensors in-Home for Elder Wellbeing (SINEW) Cohort Study. JMIR Research Protocols, 15, e79490–e79490. https://doi.org/10.2196/79490
Qian, K., Zhao, Z., Tan, Y., Zhang, W., Cho, M., Zhu, C., Tian, F., Hu, B., Yamamoto, Y., & Schuller, B. W. (2025). Computer audition for healthcare: A survey on speech analysis. AI Open, 6, 244–275. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aiopen.2025.10.001
Ramasawmy, P., Bikson, M., Brunelin, J., Donnery, K., Hunold, A., Lefaucheur, J.-P., Mondino, M., Schuhmann, T., Oliviero, A., & Antal, A. (2026). Home use of low-intensity transcranial electrical stimulation in clinical practice: an IFCN handbook chapter. Clinical Neurophysiology Practice, 11, 218–251. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cnp.2026.03.006
Sauerzopf, L., Luft, A., Maeusli, V., Klamroth-Marganska, V., Sy, M., & Spiess, M. R. (2024). Technology Use for Home-Based Stroke Rehabilitation in Switzerland From the Perspectives of Persons Living With Stroke, Informal Caregivers, and Therapists: Qualitative Interview and Focus Group Study. JMIR Rehabilitation and Assistive Technologies, 11, e59781. https://doi.org/10.2196/59781
Steijger, D., Christie, H., Aarts, S., IJselsteijn, W., Verbeek, H., & de Vugt, M. (2025). Use of artificial intelligence to support quality of life of people with dementia: A scoping review. Ageing Research Reviews, 108, 102741. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arr.2025.102741
Su, Z., Li, C., Fu, H., Wang, L., Wu, M., & Feng, X. (2024). Development and prospect of telemedicine. Intelligent Medicine, 4(1), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.imed.2022.10.004
Suprapto, Kamaruddin, M. I., Herlianty, & Nurhanifah, D. (2024). Building Nurse Competency Strategy at Public Health Center in Indonesia: A Descriptive Qualitative Approach. The Malaysian Journal of Nursing, 15(03), 62–70. https://doi.org/10.31674/mjn.2024.v15i03.008
Tao, X., Sáenz-Lechón, N., & Eckert, M. (2025). Mapping the landscape of Artificial intelligence for serious games in Health: An enhanced meta review. Computers in Human Behavior Reports, 18, 100696. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chbr.2025.100696
Weijs, M. L., Roel Lesur, M., Daum, M. M., & Lenggenhager, B. (2024). Keeping up with ourselves: Multimodal processes underlying body ownership across the lifespan. Cortex, 177, 209–223. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cortex.2024.05.013
Yakubu, T. I., Jhajj, P., Pawer, S., West, N. C., Amed, S., Tang, T. S., & Görges, M. (2025). Exploring the Needs and Preferences of Users and Parents to Design a Mobile App to Deliver Mental Health Peer Support to Adolescents With Type 1 Diabetes: Qualitative Study. JMIR Diabetes, 10, e64267. https://doi.org/10.2196/64267
Yang, J., Guan, Z., Zeng, D., Qin, Y., Zhao, C., Wang, S., Wu, Q., Wang, Q., Li, H., Wu, J., Huang, H., Wang, Y., Wu, E., Thalmann, N. M., Lim, C. T., Wong, T. Y., Jia, W., Li, H., Fregni, F., & Sheng, B. (2026). Extended reality in clinical neurology: From interdisciplinary innovations to clinical practice. Cell Reports Medicine, 102696. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.xcrm.2026.102696
Yorke, I., Boatman, C. A., Roy Choudhury, A., Oakley, B., Conde, P., Sankesara, H., Ranjan, Y., Rashid, Z., Dineley, J., Downs, J., Chatham, C. H., Cummins, N., Folarin, A., Loth, E., Buitelaar, J., Murphy, D., Dobson, R., & Simonoff, E. (2025). A Dual In-Person and Remote Assessment Approach to Developing Digital End Points Relevant to Autism and Co-Occurring Conditions: Protocol for a Multisite Observational Study. JMIR Research Protocols, 14, e71145. https://doi.org/10.2196/71145
Zheng, X., Xing, L., Lu, H., Hao, S., & Liu, F. (2026). Traditional Rehabilitation Experiences, Unmet Needs, and Perspectives on Virtual Reality–Based Rehabilitation Among Patients With Stroke in China: Qualitative Thematic Analysis and Semistructured Interview Study. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 28, e84532. https://doi.org/10.2196/84532
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
Citation Check
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Fitri Anita, Budi Antoro, Sandra Andini, Rictha Puspita Haryanti, Tubagus Erwin
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Statement:
The authors retain the copyright of this work and grant Jurnal Ilmiah Kesehatan Sandi Husada the right of first publication. The work is simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0), which permits use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author(s) and the initial publication in this journal are properly credited.
The authors are permitted to copy and redistribute the published version of the work, including posting it to an institutional repository or including it in a book, with acknowledgment of its initial publication in Jurnal Ilmiah Kesehatan Sandi Husada.
