Digital media-based sleep hygiene education to improve knowledge and sleep quality of school-aged children

Lenny Gannika; Maria Lupita Nena Meo; Katrina Feby Lestari

doi:10.35816/abdimaspolsaka.v5i2.566

Authors

Lenny Gannika Universitas Sam RatulangiThe institution will open in a new tab, Manado, Indonesia https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2172-0077
Maria Lupita Nena Meo School of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine, Sam Ratulangi University, Manado, Indonesia https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7681-7194
Katrina Feby Lestari School of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine, Sam Ratulangi University, Manado, Indonesia https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1261-9287

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.35816/abdimaspolsaka.v5i2.566

Keywords:

digital media, educational outreach, school-aged children, sleep hygiene, sleep quality

Abstract

Sleep is a fundamental biological need for children that is crucial for growth, emotional regulation, and cognitive function. However, sleep disturbances among school-aged children in Indonesia, including in Manado City, remain very high and are often unrecognized by parents due to a lack of health literacy regarding healthy sleep habits (sleep hygiene). This community service project aimed to increase children's knowledge about the importance of sleep and improve their sleep quality through appropriate education. Partners in this activity included students and elementary school staff in Manado City, with a total of 36 child respondents with a mean age of 10.12 years and a female majority (63.9%). The implementation method involved educational and participatory outreach utilizing digital media, including presentation slides, educational animated videos, and interactive Q&A sessions. Post-education monitoring was reinforced by engaging parents through a questionnaire to track children's sleep quality at home. Evaluation results using the Wilcoxon test demonstrated a significant increase in respondents' knowledge, with mean pre-test scores rising from 60.58 to 81.11 on the post-test (p < 0.05). This successful literacy improvement had a linear impact on enhancing children's sleep quality at home, where the mean sleep quality score significantly increased from 40.53 to 49.28 (p < 0.001). This digital-based sleep hygiene intervention proved effective as a health-promotive and preventive strategy to minimize childhood sleep disturbances, reduce the negative impact of nighttime gadget use, and support the optimization of their learning concentration at school.

References

1. Paruthi S, Brooks LJ, D’Ambrosio C, et al. Recommended Amount of Sleep for Pediatric Populations: A Consensus Statement of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine. J Clin Sleep Med. 2016;12(6):785-786. doi:10.5664/jcsm.5866

2. Cai H, Chen P, Jin Y, et al. Prevalence of sleep disturbances in children and adolescents during COVID-19 pandemic: a meta-analysis and systematic review of epidemiological surveys. Transl Psychiatry. 2024;14(1):12. doi:10.1038/s41398-023-02654-5

3. Matsuoka M, Matsuishi T, Nagamitsu S, et al. Sleep disturbance has the largest impact on children’s behavior and emotions. Front Pediatr. 2022;10. doi:10.3389/fped.2022.1034057

4. Harmoniati ED, Sekartini R, Gunardi H. Sleep Hygiene Intervention in School-Aged Children with Sleep Disorder: A Preliminary Study. Published online 2016.

5. Lestari H, Wahani AMI, Wilar R, Herwansyah P. Risk factors for sleep problems in infants. Paediatr Indones. 2020;60(4):186-191. doi:10.14238/pi60.4.2020.186-91

6. Retnosari GY, Irwanto I, Herawati L. Prevalence and characteristics of sleep problems of Indonesian children in 0 – 36 months old. JKKI J Kedokt dan Kesehat Indones. 2021;12(1 SE-Original Article):28-33. doi:10.20885/JKKI.Vol12.Iss1.art6

7. Yasmien I, Tarigan R, Lidyana L. Hubungan Gangguan Tidur dan Prestasi Akademik pada Siswa Kelas III, IV, dan V Sekolah Dasar di Jatinangor, Sumedang, Jawa Barat. Sari Pediatr. 2020;21(5):310. doi:10.14238/sp21.5.2020.310-16

8. Simarmata IYS, Mantik MFJ, Rampengan NH. The Relationship Between Nutritional Status and Sleep Disturbances in Children in Manado City. J e-Clinic. 2017;5(2).

9. Manik SYB, Nisa K, Gannika L. The Relationship Between Social Media Use and Academic Stress with Sleep Problems in Adolescents. Mapalus Nurs Sci J J Ilm Keperawatan Mapalus. 2024;2(2).

10. Gannika LJCMSY. Analysis of Factors Influencing the Growth and Development of Preschool-Aged Children (3–6 Years). Sam Ratulangi University; 2025.

11. Meltzer LJ, Williamson AA, Mindell JA. Pediatric sleep health: It matters, and so does how we define it. Sleep Med Rev. 2021;57:101425. doi:10.1016/j.smrv.2021.101425

12. Williamson AA, Mindell JA, Hiscock H, Quach J. Child sleep behaviors and sleep problems from infancy to school-age. Sleep Med. 2019;63:5-8. doi:10.1016/j.sleep.2019.05.003

13. Reynaud E, Vecchierini M, Heude B, Charles M, Plancoulaine S. Sleep and its relation to cognition and behaviour in preschool‐aged children of the general population: a systematic review. J Sleep Res. 2018;27(3). doi:10.1111/jsr.12636

14. Andi Mukarramah, Lestari Lorna Lolo, Nancy Sylvia Bawiling, Suprapto. Community-Based Family Education and Assistance for Improved Nutrition. Abdimas Polsaka. 2026;5(1):33-39. doi:10.35816/abdimaspolsaka.v5i1.199

15. Blake MJ, Sheeber LB, Youssef GJ, Raniti MB, Allen NB. Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Adolescent Cognitive–Behavioral Sleep Interventions. Clin Child Fam Psychol Rev. 2017;20(3):227-249. doi:10.1007/s10567-017-0234-5

16. Guerlich K, Gruszfeld D, Czech-Kowalska J, et al. Sleep duration and problem behaviour in 8-year-old children in the Childhood Obesity Project. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2022;31(3):519-527. doi:10.1007/s00787-021-01731-8

17. Guerlich K, Gruszfeld D, Czech-Kowalska J, et al. Sleep duration and problem behaviour in 8-year-old children in the Childhood Obesity Project. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2022;31(3):519-527. doi:10.1007/s00787-021-01731-8

18. Leatemia J, Tedjasukmana R, Susilo S. Literature Review: The Impact Of Sleep Deprivation On Working Memory In Children And Adolescents. J MedScientiae. 2023;2(3 SE-Literatur Review). doi:10.36452/JMedScientiae.v2i3.2967

19. Oruçoğlu H, Köse S. The Effect of Sleep Hygiene Education on Sleep Deprivation and Sleep Habits in Children. J Community Health Nurs. 2025;42(4):291-307. doi:10.1080/07370016.2025.2545384

20. Bruni O. The Sleep Disturbance Scale for Children (SDSC): Construction and validation of an instrument to evaluate sleep disturbances in childhood and adolescence. J Sleep Res. 1996;5(4):251-261. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2869.1996.00251.x

21. Natalita C, Sekartini R, Poesponegoro H. The Sleep Disturbance Scale for Children (SDSC) as a Screening Instrument for Sleep Disturbances in Junior High School Students. Sari Pediatr. 2016;12(6):365. doi:10.14238/sp12.6.2011.365-72

22. Khanani MI, Khan MR, Farooqi MF, Fazal J, Aabideen Z, Alkuwaiti NS. Digital Media Use and Screen Time Exposure Among Youths: A Lifestyle-Based Public Health Concern. Cureus. Published online 2025. doi:10.7759/cureus.88373

23. Krajewska N. Effects of Blue Light Exposure on Rapid Eye Movement Sleep Duration and Melatonin Levels in Children: A Comprehensive Literature Review. Int J Innov Technol Soc Sci. 2026;1(1(49)). doi:10.31435/ijitss.1(49).2026.4616

24. Türkmen M, Eken Ö, Kurtoğlu A. Investigation of Physical Activity Participation Blue Light Exposure and Sleep Disorders in Children with Intellectual Disabilities. Turkish J Sport Med. 2025;60(4):122-127. doi:10.47447/tjsm.0895

25. Diaz M, Fembi P, Conterius R. Application of Sleep Hygiene Animated Videos on Children’s Sleep Quality in Elementary School. J Keperawatan dan Kesehat Masy. 2025;12(1).