Enhancing medication adherence among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus through pharmaceutical education and counseling at Nur Ichsan Pharmacy, Makassar, Indonesia

Yuniharce Kadang; Wahyudi Hardi; Tirta Asprimi Angreani; Gerfan Patandung

doi:10.35816/abdimaspolsaka.v5i2.488

Authors

Yuniharce Kadang Politeknik Sandi Karsa, South Sulawesi, Indonesia https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1175-4970
Wahyudi Hardi Politeknik Sandi Karsa, South Sulawesi, Indonesia
Tirta Asprimi Angreani Politeknik Sandi Karsa, South Sulawesi, Indonesia https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6618-5680
Gerfan Patandung Politeknik Sandi Karsa, South Sulawesi, Indonesia https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4104-7767

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.35816/abdimaspolsaka.v5i2.488

Keywords:

community pharmacy, medication adherence, patient counseling, pharmaceutical education, type 2 diabetes mellitus

Abstract

Type 2 diabetes mellitus requires long-term pharmacological therapy, yet medication adherence remains a persistent challenge in community settings. Baseline data from 30 patients receiving medicines at Nur Ichsan Pharmacy, Makassar, showed that 43.34% had low adherence, 23.33% moderate adherence, and 33.33% high adherence. This community service program aimed to strengthen patients’ ability to take medication regularly through pharmaceutical education and individualized counseling. The activity used an educational, participatory, and problem-based approach. Its stages included coordination with the pharmacy partner, identification of adherence barriers, interactive education, individual counseling, preparation of medication schedules, selection of reminder strategies, family involvement, and process evaluation using discussion and teach-back. Educational content focused on the purpose of continuous therapy, risks of stopping medication without consultation, management of missed doses, preparation of medicines for travel, use of alarms or pill boxes, and communication with pharmacists or physicians when adverse effects were suspected. The main results showed that baseline adherence findings could be translated into practical and personalized educational messages. Participants actively discussed their difficulties and identified feasible strategies suited to their daily routines. The program produced educational materials, medication schedule cards, adherence-barrier notes, and recommendations for follow-up counseling. Its immediate impact was reflected in improved patient engagement, better recognition of personal barriers, and the availability of practical self-management plans. However, because no quantitative pre-test and post-test were conducted, changes in adherence scores could not be confirmed statistically. In conclusion, pharmacy-based education and counseling were relevant and feasible, but sustained monitoring and structured outcome evaluation are subsequently required.

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